Insights of Pakistan, Iran and the Caucasus Studies

Regional Railway Integration of Pakistan through CPEC: Impacts on Market Economy within the Balochistan Province

2024-02-01T17:17:36+00:00

The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) emerges not solely as a conduit linking Pakistan and China but as a far-reaching endeavor aspiring to interconnect diverse East Asian, Southeast Asian, Central Asian, Eurasian and Middle Eastern nations through a complex network of road, railway and maritime routes. Within this expansive paradigm, Pakistan Railways propounds a series of strategic initiatives under the CPEC umbrella. These encompass proposals for the refinement of extant railway infrastructure, notably the Pak-Iran Railway Track (ML-4), and the conception of new railway tracks within the national domain. Additionally, propositions for establishing railway links with China and Afghanistan are articulated. This study accentuates the pivotal role of Balochistan within the pantheon of CPEC railway projects. The envisioned linkage of Basima, Mastung, Kalat, Panjgur, Turbet, Khuzdar, Pasni, Ormara, Gwadar and Zhob to the extant railway lattice in Pakistan is scrutinized for its potential to rapidly galvanize local markets and industries within the Balochistan region. The study further anticipates transformative effects stemming from the enhancement of the Pak-Iran railway track and the extension of the Rohri-Chaman track towards Kandahar and, subsequently, Turkmenistan, visualizing each railway station as an emergent international marketplace poised to impact the local sociocultural fabric. Nevertheless, a conspicuous impediment manifests in the form of a “difference in gauge” within these railway projects, positing that the unaddressed intricacies of gauge incongruity present formidable barriers to the seamless integration of Pakistan Railway with Iranian, Afghan or Chinese Railway systems. Addressing this conundrum is imperative for the efficacious realization of these ambitious transnational railway activities.

Countering Climate Change in Abkhazia, Georgia and Pakistan: A Critical Study

2024-02-01T17:32:09+00:00

In this erudite discourse, a comparative study is going to be conducted about the collaborative initiatives orchestrated by Abkhazia, Georgia and Pakistan in their concerted pursuit of environmental preservation. Through a thorough and comprehensive investigation, we intricately examine the eco-activism unfolding in Abkhazia, the fervent endeavors propelled by the Georgian government’s National Forest Plantation Program, and the ambitious Ten Billion Trees Tsunami Program in Pakistan. These interwoven initiatives are strategically devised to grapple with the multifaceted challenges stemming from climate change and water scarcity. Of particular significance is the Ten Billion Trees Tsunami Program, a resolute response to unconventional security threats, aiming to sow ten billion trees over a quinquennial period in regions susceptible to deforestation and aridity. The program’s overarching objectives encompass the augmentation of forested lands, amelioration of water availability, mitigation of soil erosion, and fortification of the nation’s environmental resilience. Furthermore, the program aspires to catalyze vocational opportunities for local communities and stimulate the burgeoning realm of eco-tourism. This erudite discourse systematically elucidates the pivotal objectives, implementation methodologies, and potential ramifications of the aforementioned initiatives, thereby underscoring their profound significance in addressing the pressing environmental challenges confronting these regions.

Iranian Social Media Entrepreneurs: Navigating Digital Influence on Economic Activities

2024-02-01T17:40:51+00:00

In an era of technological advancements and ever-shifting global markets, these entrepreneurs have effectively harnessed the potential of social media platforms to establish and sustain profitable business ventures. The Iranian social media entrepreneurs also are maneuvering of economic activities through the strategic utilization of digital influence. This study investigates the multifaceted strategies employed by Iranian businessmen, encompassing innovative marketing techniques and strategic partnerships. Taking an interdisciplinary approach that integrates elements of economics, digital marketing and cultural studies. It sheds light on how Iranian social media entrepreneurs have ingeniously overcome economic constraints to thrive in an increasingly interconnected digital ecosystem. The paper provides valuable insights into the evolving landscape of entrepreneurial activities in Iran.

Challenges to Enhance Youth Political Engagement in Pakistan

2024-02-01T17:50:27+00:00

This paper explores the multifaceted challenges that hinder the active political participation of youth in Pakistan. As a critical demographic segment, the engagement of young individuals in political processes is vital for fostering a dynamic and inclusive democratic system. The study employs a comprehensive approach to analyze the social, economic and institutional factors that contribute to the limited involvement of Pakistani youth in political affairs. Drawing on empirical evidence, this study highlights issues such as educational disparities, socio-economic constraints and the impact of traditional norms on youth participation. The paper also examines the role of political institutions, media and civic education in either facilitating or impeding the political mobilization of the younger generation. By shedding light on these challenges, the study aims to provide valuable insights for policymakers, educators and civil society organizations seeking to cultivate effective strategies to enhance youth political engagement in Pakistan, in the long run strengthening the foundations of a robust and representative democratic system.

A Debate on Decentralization and Governance in Pakistan and Iran through the Lens of Third Positionism

2024-02-01T17:57:33+00:00

In this scholarly investigation, a comparative analysis is focused on the principles espoused by Third Positionists, who advocate for the satisfaction of socio-political and economic rights for every ethnic community within the territory they inhabit within any given state. The study centers on Pakistan and Iran, both of which grapple with diverse ethnic segments asserting varied constitutional or political accommodations within their respective state structures. Examining the federal nature of Pakistan and the unitary structure of Iran, this research scrutinizes the approaches employed by both nations in managing ethnically diverse segments, with an emphasis on fostering multiculturalism and cosmopolitanism to secure contentment among various communities vis-à-vis governance and decentralization initiatives implemented by the central or federal authorities.

Given the global discourse on the dichotomy between federalism and unitarism within the social sciences, this study contributes to the ongoing dialogue by delving into how these systems function in ethnically diverse societies. The examination extends to encompass the ethnonational movements prevalent in both Pakistan and Iran, contextualized within existing constitutional provisions. The study culminates by offering recommendations, drawn from primary sources, to address the nuanced dynamics of governance, decentralization, and ethnonational considerations in these complex sociopolitical landscapes.