Foreign Interests and the Political Developments in Iranian Azerbaijan Region during Pahlavi Dynasty; A Critical Analysis
Keywords:
Treaty of Turkmenchay 1828, Qajar dynasty, Nagorno-Karabakh, Mustafa Kamal, Tehran-Gilan railway, Tudeh PartyAbstract
Since the formation of Iranian Azerbaijan in 1828, this region had experienced a series of foreign inventions from major powers till 1921. Due to extravagant policies, Britain and Russia offered heavy loans to Qajar Kings just for sake of fulfilling their geopolitical interests in the region. Treaty of Paris 1857, Anglo-Persian Agreement 1919 and Russo-Persian Treaty 1921 not only weakened the Iranian territorial integrity but also motivated Raza Shah to stage a coup in 1921 that lasted till 1925 when he officially became the legitimate ruler by the parliament. This study analyzes the self-defined neutral foreign policy of Raza Shah including his Policy of Nationalization, Process of Institutionalization, and, Policy of Anti-Islamic Westernization and Detribalization. Similarly, the formation of the Persian Corridor via Iranian Azerbaijan and Kurdistan region, Foundation of the Tudeh Party (1941), Azerbaijan Peoples Government (1945-1946), Republic of Mahabad (1945-1946), Oil Nationalization (1951), Coup of 1953, Establishment of SAVAK (1957) and Islamic Revolution (1979) during Muhammad Raza Regime is also discussed critically in this study. The varying geopolitical and economic significance of the region during different events is also evaluated and measured.
References
Abdulla, J. J. (2012). The Kurds: A Nation on the Way to Statehood. Bloomington: AuthorHouse.
Abrahamian, E. (1982). Iran Between Two Revolutions. Princeton and New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
Abrahamian, E. (1993). Khomeinism: Essays on the Islamic Republic. Berkeley and London: University of California Press.
Abrahamian, E. (2008). A History of Modern Iran. London: Cambridge University Press.
Banani, A. (1961). The Modernization of Iran 1921-1941. Stanford and California: Stanford University Press.
Beck, L. (2003). Women in Iran from the Rise of Islam to 1800. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Pres.
Bengio, O. (2014). Kurdish Awakening: Nation Building in a Fragmented Homeland. Texas and New York: University of Texas Press.
Chaliand, G. (1993). A People Without a Country: The Kurds and Kurdistan . London: Zed Books.
Cornell, S. (2005). Small Nations and Great Powers: A Study of Ethnopolitical Conflict in the. London and New York: Routledge.
Cornell, S. E. (2002). Autonomy and Conflict: Ethnoterritoriality and Separatism in the South Caucasus : Cases in Georgia. Uppsala: Department of Peace and Conflict Research in Uppsala University.
Cornell, S. E. (2015). Azerbaijan Since Independence. London and New York: Routledge.
Dareini, A. A. (1998). The Rise and Fall of the Pahlavi Dynasty: Memoirs of Former General Hussein Fardust. Dehli: Motilal Banarsidass Publications.
Daryaee, T. (2012). The Oxford Handbook of Iranian History. London: Oxford University Press.
Entessar, N. (2010). Kurdish Politics in the Middle East . Lanham and New York: Rowman & Littlefield.
Gail, M. (2011). Persia and the Victorians. London and New York: Routledge.
Gasiorowski, M. J. (2004). Mohammad Mosaddeq and the 1953 Coup in Iran . New York: Syracuse University Press.
Hanaway, . L. (1971). Iran: Continuity and Variety. Michigan: Center for Near Eastern Studies.
Hussain, Dr. Fida. (2016, June 15). Political Economy of Iranian Azerbaijan during Qajar Dynasty, Pehlavi Dynasty and Post-Revolution Regime. (M. Asim, Interviewer)
Hussain, Dr. Iqbal. (2016, June 14). Socio-Political History of Iranian Azerbaijan Region during Different Regimes since 1828, Socio-Political Conflict between Theocracy and Westernization in Iranian Azerbaijan Region, Interests of Russia and Britian in Iranian Azerbaijan Region during W.W.II, Emergence of Persian Soviet Socialist Republic, Post-Revolution Politics of Iran, Reasons of Iran-Iraq War and Post-Revolution Ethnic Dilemma In Iran. (M. Asim, Interviewer)
Hussain, Dr. Qiswar. (2016, June 19). History and Political Economy of Iranian Azerbaijan Since 1828, Russian Interests in Iranian Azerbaijan Region, Ethno-National Movements in Caucasus Region, Ngorno-Karabakh Conflict, Post-revolution Politics of Iran and Impacts of Ethno-National Movements in Armenia on Iranian Azerbaijan Region. (M. Asim, Interviewer)
Kurzman, C. (2009). The Unthinkable Revolution in Iran . London: Harvard University Press.
Majd, M. G. (2001). Great Britain and Reza Shah. Florida: University Press of Florida.
Maloney, S. (2016, June 16). The Revolutionary Economy. Retrieved from United States Institute for Peace: The Iran Primer: http://iranprimer.usip.org/resource/revolutionary-economy
Minahan, J. (1996). Nations Without States: A Historical Dictionary of Contemporary National Movements. New York: Greenwood Publishing Press.
Minahan, J. (2002). Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups Around the World. Westport and London: Greenwood Press.
Minahan, J. B. (2014). Ethnic Groups of North, East, and Central Asia: An Encyclopedia. California: ABC-CLIO.
Najfi, Dr. Kosar Abbas. (2016, June 20). Pro-Iranian Geographical Demarcation of Iranian Azerbaijan Region, Political History of Iranian Azerbaijan Region since 1828, Geopolitical and Economic Worth of Iranian Azerbaijan Region and Pro-Revolution Ideology of Iran since 1979. (M. Asim, Interviewer)
Naqvi, Dr. Ali Shah. (2016, June 21). Hisotry of Kurdish Republic of Mahabad, Kurd Ethnic Nationalism in Iran and Iraq, Greater Kurdistan Movement, Ethnic Dilemma in Iran, Iran-Armenia Relations, Political Economy of Iranian Azerbaijan region, Economic Reforms in Post-Revolution Iran and the Post-Revolution Politics of Iran. (M. Asim, Interviewer)
Qumi, Dr. Mukhtar Hussain. (2016, June 17). Constitutional and Political Strucutre of Iranian Azerbaijan. (M. Asim, Interviewer)
Roskin, M. G. (2003). Politics of the Middle East: Cultures and Conflicts. New York: Pearson/Prentice Hall.
Sabqi, D. H. (2017, June 26). Iranian Azerbaijan. (M. Asim, Interviewer)
Shahani, Dr. Qalb-e-Muhammad (2016, June 18). History and Political Economy of Iranian Azerbaijan, Iranian Foreign Policy towards Eurasian and Middle Eastern Countries, Ethnic dilemma in Iran and Iraq, Impacts of Ethno-National Movements in Caucasus Region on Iranian Azerbaijan Region, Concept of Vilayat-e-Faqih and the Critical Analysis of the Post of Supreme Leader in the Iranian Political System (M. Asim, Interviewer)
Shamim, A. A. (1966). Iran in the reign of His Majesty Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi. Michigan: Kayhan Press.
Shirazi, D. I. (2017, June 23). Iranian economy during Pahlavi Dynasty. (M. Asim, Interviewer)
Skutsch, C. (2013). Encyclopedia of the World's Minorities. London and New York: Routledge.
Souleimanov, E. (2017, March 24). The Rise of Nationalism among Iranian Azerbaijanis: A Step Toward Iran’s Disintegration? Retrieved from Rubin Center for Research in International Affairs: http://www.rubincenter.org/2013/03/the-rise-of-nationalism-among-iranian-azerbaijanis-a-step-toward-irans-disintegration/
Turner, B. S. (1984). Capitalism and Class in the Middle East: Theories of Social Change and Economic Development. New York: Humanities Press.
Turner, B. S. (2010). Globalization East and West. New York: SAGE.
Voller, Y. (2014). The Kurdish Liberation Movement in Iraq: From Insurgency to Statehood. London and New York: Routledge.
Weekes, R. V. (1984). Muslim Peoples: A World Ethnographic Survey. London and New York: Routledge.
Yodfat, A. (2012). The Soviet Union and Revolutionary Iran. London and New York: Taylor & Francis.
Zardabli, I. b. (2014). The History of Azerbaijan: From Ancient Times to the Present Day. London: Rossendale Publishers.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Insights of Pakistan, Iran and the Caucasus Studies
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
