Geopolitical Reconfigurations: The Impact of Russia's Invasion of Ukraine on Global Stability and Power Dynamics

Abstract

The 2022 Russian incursion into Ukraine marks a turning point in global geopolitics, destabilizing the post-Cold War international framework and reshaping European security. This study highlights the invasion as a consequential reaction to NATO’s eastward expansion, viewed by Russia as an existential threat. For over two decades, Russia has underscored Ukraine’s NATO membership as a critical red line, perceiving it as a direct challenge to its territorial integrity and strategic depth. The research problem centers on understanding whether Russia’s actions reflect unprovoked aggression or a defensive strategy necessitated by perceived encroachments on its sphere of influence. The study seeks to unravel the motivations behind Russia's intervention and the implications for global stability. The study employs Mackinder’s Heartland Theory and Spykman’s Rimland Theory to contextualize the invasion as part of great power competition, illustrating Russia’s attempts to preserve its influence in Eurasia. The findings suggest that the West's failure to address Russia’s legitimate security concerns has exacerbated global instability. Policy recommendations advocate a balanced European security framework that accommodates the interests of all stakeholders.